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Samastipur, Bihar

It has a relatively small proportion of its net sown area unirrigated, indicating poor irrigation demand. Overall, water availability for irrigation in the district (based on ground water development and long-term trends of water level decline) is within the safe limit, enhancing long-term sustainability of solar pumps. It has a relatively low penetration of banks in rural and semi-rural areas, impeding access to institutional credit for farmers. There is a comparatively high level of farm mechanization in the district, implying a positive outlook towards progressive technologies amongst the farmers. The district has a relatively high proportion of small and marginal farmers. The district appears in the group of districts, which are (very) highly vulnerable towards climate change, as per an index constructed by CRIDA.

Deployment Approaches

Approaches Feasibility
Individually owned off-grid solar pumps Limited Suitability
Solarisation of feeders Limited Suitability
Solar based water as a service Limited Suitability
Promote 1 HP and sub-HP pumps Limited Suitability
Solarisation of individual grid-connected pumps Limited suitability

Individually owned off-grid solar pumps

Limited Suitability

The district has ground water available within the safe limit and a comparatively high concentration of diesel pump users. However, low crop revenue per holding, and the relatively low disbursement of institutional credit would make it difficult to promote the private ownership of solar pumps here without significant government subsidy support.

Parameter Value Percentile
Number of cultivators reporting use of diesel pumps 389,154 98
Water Availability Index 0.98 96
Crop revenue per holding (INR) 18,374 9
Medium and long term institutional credit disbursed in a year (in INR Crore) 19.7 46

Solarisation of feeders

Limited Suitability

The district has a comparatively high extent of feeder segregation, and its DISCOM incurs a high cost for supplying power. But, a relatively low penetration of electric pumps means that solarisation of the feeders would not help in increasing the deployment of solar for irrigation.

Parameter Value Percentile
Actual cost of power supply (INR/kWh) 6.03 51
Extent of feeder segregation
Proportion of cultivators reporting use of electric pumps 0% 0

Solar based water as a service

Limited Suitability

Groundwater availability in the district is within safe limit and the concentration of small and marginal farmers is comparatively high, but the proportion of unirrigated area is relatively low. A solar-based water service will have to compete with existing sources of irrigation.

Parameter Value Percentile
Water Availability Index 0.98 96
Proportion of small and marginal cultivators 99% 96
Unirrigated net sown area as a share of total net sown area 91% 83

Promote 1 HP and sub-HP pumps

Limited Suitability

The district has a relatively high proportion of horticulture crops under gross cropped area, high concentration of marginal farmers and groundwater availability within the safe limit, but disbursement of institutional credit to marginal farmers is comparatively low. Greater support, either through subsidies or credit, would be required to enable marginal farmers to adopt solar pumps.

Parameter Value Percentile
Area under horticulture crops as a share of gross cropped area 16% 73
Water Availability Index 0.98 96
Proportion of marginal cultivators 95% 97
Medium and long term institutional credit disbursed in a year (in INR Crore) 19.7 46

Solarisation of individual grid-connected pumps

Limited suitability

The district has a comparatively high extent of feeder segregation, groundwater available within the safe limits and power supply to its agriculture consumers is heavily subsidised. But, a relatively low penetration of electric pumps means that solarisation of individual grid-connected pumps would not help in increasing the deployment of solar for irrigation.

Parameter Value Percentile
Water Availability Index 0.98 96
Actual cost of power supply (INR/kWh) 6.03 51
Extent of feeder segregation

Leveraging Solar Pumps to Promote Policy Objectives

If you are deploying solar pumps in this district then you can further these policy objectives.

National Mission on Oilseeds and Oil Palm (NMOOP)

The relatively low share of oilseeds and oil palm crops under gross sown area in the district makes it a suitable candidate for promoting NMOOP. Solar pumps could meet irrigation needs for these crops and help farmers diversify their yields beyond cereals.

Parameter Value Percentile
Area under oilseeds as a share of total cropped area 38

Climate Resilient Farming for Small Farms

Given the high concentration of small and marginal farmers—the most vulnerable group to climate change—and a high score on climate change vulnerability index provided by CRIDA*, the district is suitable for promoting climate resilient farming for small-sized farms. Solar pumps would assist in the same through low-carbon agriculture.

Parameter Value Percentile
Proportion of small and marginal cultivators 99% 96
Score on Climate Change Vulnerability Index 0.48 65

Samastipur, Bihar
Summary
Number of operational holdings
683,268
Average size of operational holding (Ha)
0.28
No. of cultivators using diesel pumps
389,154
No. of cultivators using electric pumps
72
Parameters (value, percentile)
Unirrigated net sown area ('000 ha)
147
73
Area under horticulture crops as a share of gross cropped area
16%
73
Water Availability Index
0.98
96
Monthly per capita expenditure of rural agricultural households (INR)
1,059
35
Crop revenue per holding (INR)
18,374
9
No. of rural and semi-urban bank branches per 10,000 farmers
4.2
16
Medium and long-term institutional credit disbursed in a year (in INR Crore)
19.7
46
No. of calls made at Kisan Call Centre (between 1.1.2011 - 31.12.2015)
3,724
84
Level of farm mechanisation (tractors, harvesters, threshers per ha)
3.28
98